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edfas.org ELECTRONIC DEV ICE FA I LURE ANALYSIS | VOLUME 23 NO . 3 50 CONDUCTIVE POLYMER INK FOR NEXT- GENERATION PRINTED ELECTRONICS Researchers at Linköping University have developed a stable high-conductivity polymer ink. The advancement paves the way for innovative printed electronics with high energy efficiency. The results have been published in Nature Communications . Electrically conducting polymers have made possible the development of flexible and lightweight electronic components such as organic biosensors, solar cells, light emitting diodes, transistors, and batteries. The electrical properties of the conducting polymers can be tuned by doping. In this method, various dopant molecules are added to the polymer to change its properties. Depending on the dopant, the doped polymer can conduct electric- ity by the motion of either negatively charged electrons (an “n-type” conductor), or positively charged holes (a “p-type” conductor). Today, the most commonly used conducting polymer is the p-type conductor PEDOT:PSS. This polymer has several compelling features, such as high electrical conductivity, excellent ambient stability, and most importantly, commercial availability as an aqueous dispersion. However, many electronic devices require a combination of p-types and n-types to function. At the moment, there is no n-type equivalent to PEDOT:PSS. Researchers at LinköpingUniversity, together with col- leagues in the U.S. and South Korea, have nowdeveloped a conductive n-type polymer ink, stable in air and at high temperatures. This new polymer formulation is known as BBL:PEI. “This is a major advance that makes the next genera- tion of printed electronic devices possible. The lack of a suitable n-type polymer has been like walking on one leg when designing functional electronic devices. We can nowprovide the second leg,” says Simone Fabiano, senior lecturer in the department of science and technology at Linköping University. Chi-Yuan Yang is a postdoc at Linköping University and oneof theprincipal authors. He adds, “Everythingpossible with PEDOT:PSS is also possible with our new polymer. The combination of PEDOT:PSS and BBL:PEI opens new possibilities for the development of stable and efficient electronic circuits.” The new n-typematerial comes in the formof ink with ethanol as the solvent. The ink can be depositedby simply spraying the solution onto a surface, making organic electronic devices easier and cheaper to manufacture. Also, the ink is more eco-friendly than many other n-type organic conductors currently under development, which instead contain harmful solvents. Fabiano believes that the technology is ready for routine use. “Large-scale production is already feasible, andwe are thrilled to have come so far in a relatively short time. We expect BBL:PEI to have the same impact as PEDOT:PSS. At the same time, much remains to be done to adapt the ink to various technologies, and we need to learn more about the material,” Fabiano adds. For more information, visit liu.se. Researchers at Linköping University have developed a stable high-conductivity polymer ink. Advertise in Electronic Device Failure Analysis magazine! For information about advertising in Electronic Device Failure Analysis: Kelly Johanns, Business Development Manager 440.318.4702, kelly.johanns@asminternational.org Current rate card may be viewed online at asminternational.org/mediakit.