ADVANCED MATERIALS & PROCESSES | OCTOBER 2025 30 Carbon-based materials, notably graphite and graphene, underpin contemporary energy technologies, from advanced power storage to efficient energy conversion. Their critical role stems from their exceptional structural and electronic properties. This article delves into their applications in lithium-ion batteries, proton exchange membrane fuel cells, and robust corrosion protection. It emphasizes the indispensable role of advanced spectroscopic techniques—specifically Raman, infrared (IR), and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) as precise analytical probes. These methods enable an intricate understanding of material behavior, facilitating real-time monitoring of critical degradation processes such as corrosion. By elucidating chemical composition, structural integrity, and defect states, spectroscopy drives performance enhancements and extends the lifespan of energy devices. Ultimately, strategies are presented for combating corrosion and maximizing the durability of carbon-based systems, informed by the interplay between intrinsic material properties and environmental interactions. The persistent challenge of advancing energy storage and conversion technologies hinges significantly on the meticulous engineering of TECHNICAL SPOTLIGHT HOW SPECTROSCOPY IS REVOLUTIONIZING BATTERIES, FUEL CELLS, AND CORROSION PROTECTION Advanced spectroscopy provides a precise analytical toolkit for understanding, monitoring, and enhancing the performance of carbon-based materials in modern energy technologies. presents opportunities coupled with challenges related to its stability in harsh electrochemical environments. Despite their intrinsic versatility and favorable electrochemical properties, carbon materials remain sus- ceptible to degradation, notably corrosion within electrochemical systems. This vulnerability necessitates highly resolved analytical methodologies carbon-based materials. While graphite’s established efficacy as an anode material in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is well- documented, its long-term performance is acutely sensitive to structural integrity and interfacial reactions. Concurrently, graphene’s burgeoning potential in next-generation fuel cells, particularly as a catalyst support in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), Domains concerned with corrosion.
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