FEATURE ADVANCED MATERIALS & PROCESSES | SEPTEMBER 2025 69 Acknowledgments This manuscript has been authored by UT-Battelle, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the U.S. Department of Energy. This research is sponsored by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy. Portions of this research were also funded by U.S. Department of Energy’s Wind Energy Technologies Office (WETO) and Advanced Materials and Manufacturing Technologies Office (AMMTO). Research was performed at the U.S. Department of Energy’s Manufacturing Demonstration Facility, located at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The authors acknowledge Sarah Graham and Kevin Hanson of ORNL for their help with heat treatments and sintering experiments. Note: The United States Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes. The Department of Energy will provide public access to these results of federally sponsored research in accordance with the DOE Public Access Plan (energy.gov/downloads/doe-public-access-plan). For more information: Rangasayee Kannan, R&D Staff, Manufacturing Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, kannanr1@ornl.gov, ornl.gov. References 1. F.G. Caballero, et al., Design of Novel High Strength Bainitic Steels: Part 1, Materials Science and Technology, 17(5), p 512-516, 2001. 2. F.G. Caballero, et al., Design of Novel High Strength Bainitic Steels: Part 2, Materials Science and Technology, 17(5), p 517-522, 2001. 3. R. Kannan, et al., A Highly Wear Resistant Nanostructured Bainitic Steel with Accelerated Transformation Kinetics, Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 35, p 6797-6803, 2025. 4. I. Lonardelli, et al., Nanostructured Bainitic Steel Obtained by Powder Metallurgy Approach: Structure, Transformation Kinetics and Mechanical Properties, Powder Metallurgy, 55(4), p 256-259, 2012. 5. I Lonardelli, et al., Powder Metallurgical Nanostructured Medium Carbon Bainitic Steel: Kinetics, Structure, and In Situ Thermal Stability Studies, Materials Science and Engineering: A, 555, p 139-147, 2012. 6. C.S. Wright, et al., Supersolidus Liquid Phase Sintering of High Speed Steels: Part 3: Computer Aided Design of Sinterable Alloys, Powder Metallurgy, 42(2), p 131-146, 1999. 7. R. Kannan and P. Nandwana, Predicting Sintering Window of Binder Jet Additively Manufactured Parts using a Coupled Data Analytics and CALPHAD Approach, Integrating Materials and Manufacturing Innovation, 12(4), p 421-429, 2023. 8. R.M. German, Supersolidus Liquid-phase Sintering of Prealloyed Powders, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, 28, p 1553-1567, 1997. 9. P. Nandwana, R. Kannan, and D. Siddel, Microstructure Evolution During Binder Jet Additive Manufacturing of H13 Tool Steel, Additive Manufacturing, 36, p 101534, 2020. HeatTreatingDirectory.com Simplify Your Search for Vendors Find the right solutions for your business. Search for products, research companies, connect with suppliers, and make confident purchasing decisions all in one place. 15
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