ADVANCED MATERIALS & PROCESSES | MAY/JUNE 2025 21 240 HV (98 HRB), the web with a value of 202 HV (92 HRB), and the flange with a value of 212 HV (96 HRB). It is appropriate to relate the rail material’s similarity with respect to some modern materials[6]. The narrow- gauge Decauville type rail studied maintains similarities with respect to the chemical composition of the rails manufactured today, shown in Table 3. In addition, it can be seen according to Table 2 that this sample has hardness values similar to those of current rails as listed in Table 4. CONCLUSION The studies carried out using micrographs, macrographs, chemical composition values, and hardness values obtained on the Decauville type narrow-gauge rail and comparing it with the values of a current rail, show that the specimen complies with the standard specifications. The effects of cold deformation to which the specimen was subjected have allowed the development of greater mechanical strength and hardness of the steel, and thus it is more resistant to wear. TABLE 3 — RAIL MATERIALS ACCORDING TO THEIR ORIGIN Composition chemical, % Manufacture in Europe Manufacture in USA %C 0.4-0.57 > 0.57 %Mn 0.8-1.2 < 0.8 %Si 0.1-0.25 0.1-0.25 %P Maximum < 0.06 Maximum < 0.06 TABLE 4 — CURRENT RAIL HARDNESS Current types of rails Minimum, HRB Maximum, HRB Normal rails 107 … High resistance rails 109 112 (a) (b) (c) Fig. 4 — (a) Micrograph of the head. Magnification: 100×. (b) Micrograph of the web. Magnification: 100×. (c) Micrograph of the flange. Magnification: 100×. Fig. 5 — (a) Macrograph of the narrow-gauge rail of the Decauville type. (b) Macrograph of the flange. Magnification: 6.7 μm. (c) and (d) Macrographs of the web. Magnification: 6.7 μm. (e) Macrograph of the head. Magnification: 6.7 μm. manufacturing process were observed. As listed in Table 2, the average hardness values in the three characteristic areas are the head with a value of (a) (b) (c) (d) (e)
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