ADVANCED MATERIALS & PROCESSES | JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2025 28 produced by SEM-EDX, but on a signifi- cantly smaller scale reaching the subnanometer range. A model with a 2D square lattice of the surface is simulated to show the elemental distribution near the scanning area, where each atomic site is assigned one of the five principal elements. The lattice constant of the fcc structure in the model is set to 3.586 Å, based on XRD measurements, giving a nearest-neighbor interatomic distance of d = 2.536 Å on the surface. Through the simulated XAS mappings, the potential lattice structure of the alloy is predicted. CONCLUSION High-entropy alloys are advancing rapidly with more alloying combinations available every day to meet the rising demand of various engineering sectors. Increasing global competition and a migration toward more sustainable materials are driving metallurgical researchers to gain deeper insights on a material’s structure in order to establish a more precise correlation with performance. The advanced characterization tools described in this article will certainly add to the depth of research regarding HEA systems. Within the next few decades, more advanced, stable, and greener alloy compositions will likely compete with conventional alloys for use in a broad range of engineering applications. ~AM&P For more information: R.J. Immanuel, assistant professor, Advanced Materials Development and Characterisation Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bhilai, Durg – 491 002, India, jose@iitbhilai.ac.in. References 1. J.-W. Yeh, et al., Nanostructured High-Entropy Alloys with Multiple Principal Elements: Novel Alloy Design Concepts and Outcomes, Adv. Eng. Mater., 6(5), p 299-303. doi.org/10.1002/ adem.200300567. 2. H. Hirai, Electron Energy-Loss Spectroscopy and its Applications to Characterization of Carbon Materials, in Carbon Alloys, Elsevier, 2003, p 239-256. doi.org/10.1016/ B978-008044163-4/50015-2. 3. X.D. Xu, et al., Nanoscale Phase Separation in a FCC-based CoCrCuFeNiAl0.5 High-Entropy Alloy, Acta Mater., 84, p 145-152, Feb. 2015. doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2014.10.033. 4. C. Jose Chirayil, et al., Instrumental Techniques for the Characterization of Nanoparticles, in Thermal and Rheological Measurement Techniques for Nanomaterials Characterization, Elsevier, 2017, p 1-36. doi.org/10.1016/ B978-0-323-46139-9.00001-3. 5. Y. Muniandy, et al., Compositional Variations in Equiatomic CrMnFeCoNi High-Entropy Alloys, Mater. Charact., 180, p 111437, Oct. 2021. doi. org/10.1016/j.matchar.2021.111437. 6. M.K. Miller, Atom Probe Tomography for Studying Phase Transformations in Steels, in Phase Transformations in Steels, Elsevier, 2012, p 532-556. doi.org/ 10.1533/9780857096111.4.532. 7. K.G. Pradeep, et al., Atomic-Scale Compositional Characterization of a Nanocrystalline AlCrCuFeNiZn HighEntropy Alloy using Atom Probe Tomography, Acta Mater., 61(12), p 4696-4706, Jul. 2013. doi.org/ 10.1016/j.actamat.2013.04.059. 8. S.D. Sarker and L. Nahar, Characterization of Nanoparticles, in Advances in NanotechnologyBased Drug Delivery Systems, Elsevier, 2022, p 45-82. doi.org/10.1016/ B978-0-323-88450-1.00011-9. 9. L. Kim, et al., Distinguishing Elements at the Sub-Nanometer Scale on the Surface of a High Entropy Alloy, Adv. Mater., 36(28), Jul. 2024. doi.org/ 10.1002/adma.202402442. Are you maximizing your ASM membership? Expand your knowledge and apply your ASM International member-only discounts to a variety of professional development resources: • Reference Materials • ASM Handbooks Online • Technical Journals • Continuing Education Courses Learn more about your membership benefits by visiting: asminternational.org/membership
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