ADVANCED MATERIALS & PROCESSES | NOVEMBER/DECEMBER 2024 19 applicability to select the appropriate measurement tools in terms of sampling volume, the types of stress (I, II, and III), stress components, part geometry, material type, and microstructure, and whether destructive methods are acceptable. In many cases, a full understanding of residual stresses can be achieved by using multiple techniques in conjunction with modeling predictions. A comprehensive review will be available in new upcoming ASM Handbooks on residual stress, Volumes 25A and 25B, which are under development and expected to publish in 2025. ~AM&P Acknowledgments The authors would like to acknowledge feedback and input received from Andrew Payzant, FASM, and Jeff Bunn of ORNL, Jonathan Almer of APS, Paul Shade of AFRL, and Adrian DeWald of Hill Engineering. For more information: Iuliana Cernatescu, sr. technical fellow, Materials Characterization Methods and Applications, Pratt & Whitney, 400 Main St., MS 114-45, East Hartford, CT 06118, 860.557.2528, iuliana.cernatescu@prattwhitney.com, prattwhitney.com. References 1. V. Hauk, Structural and Residual Stress Analysis by Nondestructive Methods: Evaluation - Application – Assessment, Elsevier, 1997. 2. I.C. Noyan and J.B. Cohen, Residual Stress: Measurement by Diffraction and Interpretation, Springer, 2013. 3. P.J. Withers and H.K.D.H. Bhadeshia, Residual Stress: Part 1 Measurement Techniques, Materials Science and Technology, 17(4), p 355-365, April 2001, doi.org/10.1179/026708301101509980. 4. P.J. Withers and H.K.D.H. Bhadeshia, Residual Stress: Part 2 Nature and Origins, Materials Science and Technology, 17(4), p 366-375, April 2001, doi.org/10.1179/026708301101510087. 5. M. Croft, et al., Strain Field and Scattered Intensity Profiling with Energy Dispersive X-ray Scattering, Journal of Applied Physics, 92(1), p 578-586, July 2002, doi.org/10.1063/1.1483373. 6. J.-S. Park, et al., A New Residual Strain Mapping Program using Energy Dispersive X-ray Diffraction at the Advanced Photon Source, Exp Mech, 62(8), p 1363-1379, Oct. 2022, doi.org/ 10.1007/s11340-022-00859-1. 7. J.V. Bernier, et al., High-energy X-ray Diffraction Microscopy in Materials Science, Annu. Rev. Mater. Res., 50(1), p 395-436, July 2020, doi.org/10.1146/ annurev-matsci-070616-124125. 8. A. Henningsson, et al., Microstructure and Stress Mapping in 3D at Industrially Relevant Degrees of Plastic Deformation, Sci Rep, 14(1), p 20213, Aug. 2024, doi.org/10.1038/ s41598-024-71006-0. 9. H. Simons, et al., Dark-field X-ray Microscopy for Multiscale Structural Characterization, Nat Commun, 6(1), p 6098, Jan. 2015, doi.org/10.1038/ ncomms7098. 10. J.R. Bunn, et al., The High Intensity Diffractometer for Residual Stress Analysis (HIDRA), A Third Generation Residual Stress Mapping Neutron Diffractometer at the High Flux Isotope Reactor, Review of Scientific Instruments, 94(3), March 2023, doi. org/10.1063/5.0122250. 11. P. Cornwell, et al., Current Capabilities of the Residual Stress Diffractometer at the High Flux Isotope Reactor, Rev Sci Instrum, 89(9), p 092804, Sept. 2018, doi.org/10.1063/1.5037593. 12. M.T. Hutchings, et al., Introduction to the Characterization of Residual Stress by Neutron Diffraction. Boca Raton, CRC Press, 2005, doi. org/10.1201/9780203402818. 13. I.C. Noyan, et al., Experimental Determination of Precision, Resolution, Accuracy, and Trueness of Timeof-flight Neutron Diffraction Strain Measurements, Journal of Applied Crystallography, 53(2), p 494-511, March 2020, doi.org/10.1107/S16005767200 02150. 14. E. Anastassakis, et al., Effect of Static Uniaxial Stress on the Raman Spectrum of Silicon, Solid State Commun., 88(11-12), p 1053-1058, Dec. 1993, doi.org/10.1016/0038-1098(93)90294-W. 15. Practical Residual Stress Measurement Methods, Editor Gary S. Schajer, Wiley, 2013. 16. M.B. Prime, Cross-sectional Mapping of Residual Stresses by Measuring the Surface Contour after a Cut, Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology, 123, p 162-168, April 2001, doi.org/10.1115/1.1345526. 17. M.B. Prime, Residual Stress Measurement by Successive Extension of a Slot: The Crack Compliance Method, Applied Mechanics Reviews, 52(2), p 75-96, Feb. 1999, doi.org/ 10.1115/1.3098926. 18. ASTM Standard E837-20, Standard Test Method for Determining Residual Stresses by the Hole-drilling Straingage Method. 19. L.W. Schmerr, Fundamentals of Ultrasonic Nondestructive Evaluation, Plenum Press, New York, 1998. 20. D.J. Buttle, et al., Determination of Residual Stresses by Magnetic Methods, NPL Reports, 2006. GET ENGAGED, GET INVOLVED, GET CONNECTED The ASM Residual Stress Technical Committee meets regularly to connect and discuss their shared interest in understanding and mitigating residual stresses. Committee projects include developing two new ASM Handbooks, organizing IMAT conference programming, and planning technical sessions for the 2025 International Conference on Residual Stresses. Members with similar interests are welcome to join. For more information, contact staff liaison Scott Henry, scott.henry@asminternational.org.
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