ADVANCED MATERIALS & PROCESSES | MAY/JUNE 2024 28 References 1. A.L. Greer, Metallic Glasses, Science, 267, p 1947-1953, 1995. 2. A. Peker and W.L. Johnson, A Highly Processable Metallic Glass: Zr41.2Ti13.8Cu12.5Ni10.0Be22.5, Applied Physics Letters, 63, p 2342-2344, 1993. 3. N. Nishiyama and A. Inoue, Glassforming Ability of Pd42.5Cu30Ni7.5P20 Alloy with a Low Critical Cooling Rate of 0.067 K/s, Applied Physics Letters, 80, p 568570, 2002. 4. N. Mauro, et al., A Structural Signature of Liquid Fragility, Nature Communications, 5, p 4616, 2014. 5. C.A. Angell, Formation of Glasses from Liquids and Biopolymers, Science, 267, p 1924-1935, 1995. 6. N. Mauro, et al., Local Atomic Structure in Equilibrium and Supercooled Liquid Zr75.5Pd24.5, Journal of Chemical Physics, 137, p 044501, 2012. 7. N. Mauro and K. Kelton, A Highly Modular Beamline Electrostatic Levitation Facility, Optimized for In Situ High-energy X-ray Scattering Studies of Equilibrium and Supercooled Liquids, Review of Scientific Instruments, 82, p 035114, 2011. 8. Y. Wang, et al., In Vitro and In Vivo Studies on Ti-based Bulk Metallic Glass as Potential Dental Implant Material, Materials Science and Engineering: C, 33, p 3489-3497, 2013. 9. N. Mauro, et al., Electrostatic Levitation Facility Optimized for Neutron Diffraction Studies of High Temperature Liquids at a Spallation Neutron Source, Review of Scientific Instruments, 87, p 013904, 2016. 10. N. Mauro, Exploring How Metallic Glasses leaving the environment around a purple (palladium) atom repeated from the Fig. 1 simulation of Zr-Pd liquids. THE NEXT TEN YEARS: ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND MATERIALS SCIENCE As previously mentioned, to conceptualize the atomic structure of a liquid or metallic glass, it is logical to start by focusing on the local structural units and adding them up to form the larger scale structure. Some may question the wisdom of this approach, considering the difficulty in predicting glass-forming ability and material properties. The process of glass formation is a collective one where underlying forces are being applied all at once and the final structure is determined through a competition between short range forces and longer range interactions. In the puzzle analogy, there are puzzle pieces (atoms) that are being put together not on a flat table but one where there are ripples and patterns along the top of the table. These density waves are difficult to measure but artificial intelligence provides a means to explore a range of theoretical possibilities, conduct “computational experiments,” and use learning models to find the details of the interactions that produce the final structure. Experiments like these inelastic neutron scattering studies help to quantify the competition between equilibrium phases and the process of glass formation. Artificial intelligence is a great tool that has already been used extensively to inform models in human behavior, aid the design of more effective medical treatments, and now help design better materials to benefit society[13]. This technology will be at the forefront of finding the next generation of materials innovations. ~AM&P For more information: Nicholas Mauro, associate professor, Department of Physics, St. Norbert College, 100 Grant St., De Pere, WI 54115, 920.403.3063, nicholas.mauro@snc.edu. are Formed from Molten Alloys, Scientia, 2023. 11. R. Ashcraft, et al., Experimental Determination of the Temperaturedependent Van Hove Function in a Zr80Pt20 Liquid, Journal of Chemical Physics, 152, p 074506, 2020. 12. T. Egami and Y. Shinohara, Correlated Atomic Dynamics in Liquid Seen in Real Space and Time, Journal of Chemical Physics, 153, p 0024013, 2020. 13. C.P. Gomes, B. Selman, and J.M. Gregoire, Artificial Intelligence for Materials Discovery, MRS Bulletin, 44, p 538-544, 2019. STAY AHEAD OF YOUR PROFESSIONAL JOURNEY WITH ASM EDUCATION & TRAINING. EARN CEUs, ENJOY DISCOUNTS, NETWORK, AND LEARN FROM INDUSTRY EXPERTS. SCAN TO ENROLL TODAY Education
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