ADVANCED MATERIALS & PROCESSES | MAY/JUNE 2024 22 or metal alloys, and different motifs on their obverses and reverses. The Decree of Law for the creation of the new monetary system, presented by the Minister of Finance, Don Laureano Figuerola, initially established the issuance of coins with values of 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100 pesetas in gold; 1, 2, and 5 pesetas and 20 and 50 cents in silver; and 1, 2, 5, and 10 cents in bronze. The reality is that the gold was not minted and only a few test copies of 100-peseta coins came out of the machines. These coins displayed the royal coat of arms of Spain on the reverse; seemingly an inappropriate choice for a political regime that began with a revolution (known as the Glorious Revolution) that dethroned Queen Isabella II. With a clear intention to break with the previous government, as the preamble of the aforementioned decree attests, “It is advisable to forget the past by breaking the ties that united us and making it disappear from commerce and general treatment of people, those objects that can often bring it to mind.” Although the Decree of Law from October 1868 established the issuance of fourteen different values, only nine were minted. Of the gold values, the 50 and 5-peseta coins were never minted, but the 100, 20, and 10-peseta coins were, although at different times, as well as a new value, that of 25 pesetas. along with the date of issue, and stars. As suggested by the Royal Academy of History, the image is a personification of Hispania inspired by the coins of Emperor Hadrian. It shows her lying on ICONOGRAPHY The first pieces were minted in 1869 after a decision was made to add “ESPAÑA” (Spain) on the obverse side, Fig. 2 — Macroscopic observation. Details of the initials of his engraver LM (Luis Marchioni) on the obverse and M on the inverse. Fig. 3 — Macroscopic observation. Details of the year of minting 1870 divided and placed in two stars, distributed in the right and left areas of the obverse of the coin. Fig. 4 — (a and b) Traditional cistern outside of the Historical Fort San Carlos Museum, (c) Working in-situ. (a) (b) (c)
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