ADVANCED MATERIALS & PROCESSES | APRIL 2024 9 be most sensitive to large-scale events such as massive black holes colliding in the centers of galaxies and smaller binary systems of dead stars made up of white dwarfs, neutron stars, or black holes. LISA will detect gravitational radiation in the yet-unexplored window between 0.1 mHz and 1 Hz, waves that cannot be identified by ground-based detectors. Unique to LISA will be the detection of gravitational waves from stellar black holes swirling around massive ones in galactic nuclei. The LISA instrument will consist of three spacecraft in a triangular configuration with 2.5-million-kilometer arms, moving in an Earth-like orbit around the sun. Gravitational waves from sources throughout the universe will produce slight oscillations in the arm lengths. LISA will capture these motions and measure the waves by using laser links to monitor the displacements of test masses free-falling inside the spacecraft. northwestern.edu, www.esa.int. TIME-RESOLVED MICROSCOPY TECHNIQUE Building on previous work, researchers at the University of Tsukuba, Japan, developed a new time-resolved atomic force microscopy (AFM) system, enhancing operability by merging AFM with their unique ultrashort laser pulse technology. The research team previously established a time-resolved scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) method, combining STM with laser technology, to attain nanolevel spatial resolution and femtosecond temporal resolution. This method has been instrumental in elucidating various photoexcited dynamics. However, STM’s reliance on electric current flow between the probe and sample limits its application to conductive materials. The new development allows researchers to measure high-speed dynamics in a broader range of materials, including insulators, with nanometer resolution. A new AFM technique enables the measurement of ultrafast photoexcitation phenomena observed through changes in the forces between the sample and the AFM probe tip a er an extremely short time irradiation of laser light. Courtesy of University of Tsukuba. Phone: 1-800-292-6141 | info@leco.com www.leco.com | © 2024 LECO Corporation EMPOWERING RESULTS Elemental Analysis | GC Mass Spectrometry | Metallography Glow Discharge Spectroscopy Microscopic Examination Sample Preparation Elemental Analysis Operate your lab with ease and use LECO's analytical solutions for smooth transitions from task to task. With high-quality instruments made to take on each step of the process, you can feel condent in your results. Whether you're a busy, high throughput laboratory, or challenged with infrequent, intensive analyses, LECO's solutions will work for you. A Smooth Process, From Start to Finish Hardness Testing A unique approach to counteract the thermal expansion of the probe and sample due to laser irradiation has enabled the acquisition of timeresolved signals with an exceptionally high signal-to-noise ratio. The ability of AFM to measure a diverse range of objects positions the new technology to have widespread applications. www. tsukuba.ac.jp/en.
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