16 ADVANCED MATERIALS & PROCESSES | OCTOBER 2023 college. In talking with some current students, it still seems to be the case. Ruggles-Wrenn: Dr. Dieter indeed created a bridge between materials science and mechanical engineering, as evidenced by his work on the ASM Handbook. However, it seems that often materials scientists and mechanical engineers still operate in two separate worlds. Materials scientists focus on material synthesis and microstructural characterization with limited attention to the mechanical behavior of the materials they develop. Mechanical engineers focus on developing computational predictive models of mechanical behavior for various components, sometimes neglecting the microstructural changes that occur in the material during component fabrication and other physical aspects of material response. A closer cooperation between these two worlds is needed. Karbhari: Unfortunately, with a few exceptions the two disciplines have drifted apart with students either gaining a strong background in materials without the ability to design components and structures or to analyze performance at the macro-level. Or they develop a strong background in mechanical engineering without a good understanding of how to select and process materials for specific features and performance characteristics or to focus on desired failure modes. This has resulted in inefficient design, as in the use of composites as “black aluminum;” the mechanical engineer is more conversant with isotropic response and hence does not use the inherent aniso- tropy and ability to tailor composites; instead preferring to develop quasi- isotropic equivalents. This also leads to the use of excessive factors of safety and inappropriate use of materials such as not considering configurations that might be extremely effective in tension but not in compression or under hydrostatic pressure, or forgetting the intricacies of joining. If an update was made to ASM Handbook, Volume 20: Materials Selection and Design, what information would you recommend adding, enhancing, or subtracting? Ruggles-Wrenn: The ASM Handbook, Vol. 20, provides a wealth of information regarding materials properties and behavior, materials selection process, and design practices. It addresses several different families of materials such engineering alloys, brittle materials, and composites. However, the handbook does not address ceramic matrix composites (CMCs). Yet SiC/SiC and porous matrix oxide/oxide CMCs are now used in real-world applications, such as shrouds and combustor liners in gas turbine engines. I would consider adding information on microstructural characterization, mechanical properties and performance, and environmental durability of CMCs to the handbook. Carpenter: Include information on designing with newer or more complex materials, such as: high entropy alloys, Heusler alloys, composites, additive materials, and sustainable materials. Adding information regarding the analysis of 3D printed structures, which often consist of a sparse core, would be beneficial. Bolstering or updating the environmental design section, including energy storage materials, is suggested. Todd: ASM Handbook, Volume 20 was an exceptionally comprehensive review of materials selection and design at the time it was published in 1997. It provided a foundational review of the field. In the intervening 26 years, advances in new materials, digital design, analytical tools, and cyber infrastructure now enable us to design materials and components with tailored compositions and properties from the quantum, atomistic, molecular, and cellular levels to bulk components and systems. We can collect data in amounts that were inconceivable in 1997. Perhaps a new volume entitled Materials Selection – Data and Digital Design could include: Computational materials design and integrated computational materials engineering; design across materials scales; selection and design of “soft matter” expanding beyond polymeric materials to biological tissues; materials selection and design in an interdisciplinary context; and materials selection and design for sustainability, cyber security, defense, and for addressing all the global grand challenges. A new volume that emphasizes the importance of ASM’s new Data Ecosystem, digital tools/interfaces, the Materials Solutions Network, and their value to the Society would be very timely. If a Engineering Design: A Materials and Processing Approach was one of George Dieter’s foundational texts, now in its sixth edition. ASM Handbook, Vol. 20 was developed with Dieter serving as volume chair.
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