AMP 06 September 2023

ADVANCED MATERIALS & PROCESSES | SEPTEMBER 2023 23 including: 1) lightweighting fabrication, 2) integrating internal sensors in smart structures, 3) producing out-of- autoclave tooling, 4) simplifying casting production, 5) stiffening structures via composite inserts, 6) reducing manufacturing steps and energy consumption, and 7) enabling agile fabrication across multiple machine platforms. Specific uses for SBT internal pathways may be for wire management, distribution of gases and fluids, and placement of internal stiffening members. In curvilinear parts, integral channels may be used for placement of smart sensors, sensor wiring, tubing, etc. as illustrated in Fig. 5. In the automotive industry, for example, they may be used in the production of hybrids, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, and battery electric vehicles. SBT tunneling is intended to be especially beneficial in applications requiring curvilinear internal pathways. ~AM&P For more information: Dwight A. Burford, research professor, University of North Texas, 3940 North Elm St., E215G, Denton, TX 76207, 940.565.4523, dwight.burford@unt.edu. References 1. D. Burford, Submerged Bobbin Tool (SBT) Tunneling Technology, presented at AeroMat 2022, Pasadena, Calif., 2022, https://asm.confex.com/asm/aero22/ webprogram/Paper55159.html. 2. D.A. Burford and R. Mishra, Systems and Methods for Internal Channel Formation within a Workpiece, U.S. Patent Application Publication 20220234132A1, 28 July 2022. 3. D.A. Burford, et al., Submerged Bobbin Tool (SBT) Tunneling Technology. Friction Stir Welding and Processing XII, Cham. p 249–267, 2023, doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-22661-8_23. 4. D.A. Burford, Submerged Bobbin Tool (SBT) Tunneling Technology, presented at the TMS 2023 Annual Meeting & Exhibition, San Diego, Calif., 2023. 5. Introduction and Overview of Design Considerations and Materials Selection, Metals Handbook Desk Edition, 2nd ed., Edited By Joseph R. Davis, ASM International, 1998, p 122–126, https://doi.org/10.31399/ asm.hb.mhde2.a0003087. 6. D. Burford, Submerged Bobbin Tool (SBT) Tunneling Technology, presented at the 34rd AeroMat Conference and Exposition, Fort Worth, Texas, 2023, https://asm.confex.com/asm/aero23/ webprogram/Paper57597.html. 7. ASM Handbook, Volume 24: Additive Manufacturing Processes, ASM International, 2020, https://doi.org/ 10.31399/asm.hb.v24.9781627082907. 8. AIA Recommended Guidance for Certification of AM Component, Aerospace Industries Association (AIA), 2020, https://www.aia-aerospace.org/ publications/recommended-guidance- for-certification-of-am-component/. 9. J. Peels, ASTM Starts Additive Manufacturing Quality Certification Program for Manufacturer, 3DPrint.com | The Voice of 3D Printing / Additive Fig. 4 – XRM data showing a range in EIP cross-sectional areas produced in a sample made from a 2000 series aluminum. The size and shape of each EIP is controlled by tool geometry, pre-processed sample geometry, and processing parameters[4]. Fig. 5 – A schematic of a generalized curvilinear part demonstrating optional combinations of EIPs, including placement of smart sensors, sensor wiring, and tubing[1,3].

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