ADVANCED MATERIALS & PROCESSES | SEPTEMBER 2023 19 manufacturing is one of the techniques that could enable cost-efficient production of new motor designs with true 3D topologies. Development of AM electric motors that are both efficient and economical requires the combined efforts of multiple disciplines including AM materials, processes, and software. One of the biggest technical challenges is finding ways to reduce high core losses in printed motors, and several approaches are being developed to address this need. Significant progress is required in order to make multi- material AM practical, to develop hard magnetic materials with better performance, and to create design tools and methods tailored to the pros and cons of additive manufacturing. ~AM&P For more information: Tuomas Riipinen, research scientist, Advanced manufacturing technologies, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Tekniikantie 21, P.O. Box 1000, 02044, Espoo, Finland, +358.20.722.111, tuomas. riipinen@vtt.fi, www.vttresearch.com/ 3D-printing. References 1. T. Vaimann, Additive Manufacturing of Electrical Machines — Towards the Industrial Use of a Novel Technology, Energies, Vol 16 (1), p 544, 2023. 2. S. Hussain and A. Kallaste, Recent Trends in Additive Manufacturing and Topology Optimization of Reluctance Machines, Energies, Vol 16 (9), p 3840, 2023. 3. X. Wei, et al., Advances in 3D Printing of Magnetic Materials: Fabrication, Properties, and Their Applications, J. Adv. Ceram., Vol 11 (5), p 665-701, 2022. 4. G. Liu, et al., Additive Manufacturing of Structural Materials, Mater. Sci. Eng. R Reports, Vol 145, p 100596, 2021. 5. T. Pham, P. Kwon, and S. Foster, Additive Manufacturing and Topology Optimization of Magnetic Materials for Electrical Machines – A Review, Energies, Vol 14 (2), p 1-24, 2021. 6. H. Wang, T.N. Lamichhane, and M.P. Paranthaman, Review of Additive Manufacturing of Permanent Magnets for Electrical Machines: A Prospective on Wind Turbine, Mater. Today Phys., Vol 24, p 100675, 2022. 7. O. Tosoni, et al., High-coercivity Copper-rich Nd-Fe-B Magnets by Powder Bed Fusion using Laser Beam Method, Vol 64 (2), 2023. 8. O. Gutfleisch, et al., Magnetic Materials and Devices for the 21st Century: Stronger, Lighter, and More Energy Efficient, Vol 23 (7), p 821-842, 2011. 9. EIT RawMaterials, SOMA – Light- weight Solutions for e-Mobility by AM of Soft Magnetic Alloys, https://www. soma-eit.eu/about-project/. 10. T. Riipinen, et al., The Effect of Heat Treatment on Structure and Magnetic Properties of Additively Manufactured Fe-Co-V Alloys, Materials Today Communications, Vol 36, A, 2023. 11. S. Gao, et al., Effects of Heat Treatment on the Microstructures and Magnetic Properties of Selective Laser Melted Fe-3wt%Si Functional Soft Magnet, J. Alloys Compd., Vol 951, p 169840, 2023. 12. A. Manninen, et al., The Mitigation of Eddy-Current Losses in Ferromagnetic Samples Produced by Laser Powder Bed Fusion, IEEE Access, Vol 10, p 115571-115582, 2022. 13. D. Goll, et al., Additive Manufac- turing of Soft and Hard Magnetic Materials, Procedia CIRP, Vol 94, p 248-253, 2020. GET ENGAGED, GET INVOLVED, GET CONNECTED The ASM Advanced Manufacturing Committee is an active group of ASM members with interest and experience in materials processing innovation to enable pioneering product designs and the agile and rapid production of parts at reduced cost. Members with similar interests are welcome to join. For more information, contact committee chair Bill Frazier or staff liaison Scott Henry, scott.henry@asminternational.org. Fig. 4 – Effects of additively manufactured loss-mitigating structures on core losses. Adapted from Ref. 12.
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