ADVANCED MATERIALS & PROCESSES | JULY/AUGUST 2023 7 that the new approach provides an ideal mechanical bonding method to create a strong anchoring effect between materials that cannot form strong bonds. www.tohoku.ac.jp/en. COPPER GEOCHEMISTRY REVEALS HISTORY The distribution of metal goods, specifically early copper artifacts, is considered to have a high cultural and historical significance in European prehistory. However, limited information exists about how copper was used and dispersed in Neolithic Europe. To gain a better understanding, a research team from Kiel University, Germany, studied the geochemistry of early copper artifacts, revealing changes in distribution networks across prehistoric Europe. The researchers analyzed 45 copper objects, including axes, chisels, and other items, from various sites dating to the 4th and 3rd millennia B.C. of Northern Central Europe and Southern Scandinavia. The team examined the lead isotopic signature of the copper objects to link them to previously sampled sources of ore around the European continent. Their data indicate that artifacts from before 3500 B.C. derived exclusively from mines in southeast Europe, especially Serbian mining areas, while later artifacts include ores from the eastern Alps and Slovak Mountains and, much later, potentially the British Isles. Their results also indicate fluctuations in metallurgic activity over time, including a decrease in the prevalence of copper artifacts around 3000 B.C. These changes in the origins and availability of copper likely reflect differences in distribution networks through time, probably influenced by changing economies, social structures, communication networks, and technologies across prehistoric Europe. Further study of the sources and uses of copper artifacts will enhance our understanding of how metal goods were produced and distributed around the continent in the past. www.uni-kiel.de/en, plos.org. Copper axe from Frömkenberg, Germany, in an SEM. The origin of the axe’s copper was identified as the Belovode region of Serbia. Courtesy of Christin Szillus/Kiel University. THE ASM INTERNATIONAL 2023 CATALOG IS NOW AVAILABLE! Visit asminternational.org/store to view the catalog and shop ASM’s o erings today! www.masterbond.com Hackensack NJ, 07601 USA ∙ +1.201.343.8983 ∙ main masterbond.com Protection from many aggressive chemicals Acids, bases and many solvents Good flow properties Mixed viscosity, 75°F 15,000-25,000 cps Service temperature range -60°F to +450°F [-51°C to +232°C] Two Part Epoxy Supreme 62-1 SUPER TOUGHENED EPOXY RESISTS High Temperatures & Chemicals
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