4 ADVANCED MATERIALS & PROCESSES | MAY/JUNE 2023 ASM International 9639 Kinsman Road, Materials Park, OH 44073 Tel: 440.338.5151 • Fax: 440.338.4634 Joanne Miller, Editor joanne.miller@asminternational.org Victoria Burt, Managing Editor vicki.burt@asminternational.org Frances Richards and Corinne Richards Contributing Editors Anne Vidmar, Layout and Design Allison Freeman, Production Manager allie.freeman@asminternational.org Press Release Editor magazines@asminternational.org EDITORIAL COMMITTEE Adam Farrow, Chair, Los Alamos National Lab John Shingledecker, Vice Chair, EPRI Somuri Prasad, Past Chair, Sandia National Lab Beth Armstrong, Oak Ridge National Lab Margaret Flury, Medtronic Surojit Gupta, University of North Dakota Nia Harrison, Ford Motor Company Michael Hoerner, KnightHawk Engineering Hideyuki Kanematsu, Suzuka National College of Technology Ibrahim Karaman, Texas A&M University Ricardo Komai, Tesla Bhargavi Mummareddy, Dimensional Energy Scott Olig, U.S. Naval Research Lab Christian Paglia, SUPSI Institute of Materials and Construction Amit Pandey, Lockheed Martin Space Satyam Sahay, John Deere Technology Center India Kumar Sridharan, University of Wisconsin Jean-Paul Vega, Siemens Energy Vasisht Venkatesh, Pratt & Whitney ASM BOARD OF TRUSTEES David B. Williams, President and Chair Pradeep Goyal, Senior Vice President Navin Manjooran, Vice President Judith A. Todd, Immediate Past President John C. Kuli, Treasurer Burak Akyuz Amber Black Ann Bolcavage Pierpaolo Carlone Elizabeth Homan Toni Marechaux André McDonald U. Kamachi Mudali James E. Saal Sandra W. Robert, Executive Director STUDENT BOARD MEMBERS Jaime Berez, Ashlie Hamilton, Nicole Hudak Individual readers of Advanced Materials & Processes may, without charge, make single copies of pages therefrom for personal or archival use, or may freely make such copies in such numbers as are deemed useful for educational or research purposes and are not for sale or resale. Permission is granted to cite or quote from articles herein, provided customary acknowledgment of the authors and source is made. The acceptance and publication of manuscripts in Advanced Materials & Processes does not imply that the reviewers, editors, or publisher accept, approve, or endorse the data, opinions, and conclusions of the authors. IMAGING ACROSS TIME Metallographers often describe their craft as a magical place where art meets science. In this issue, we provide a spectrum of how imaging has been utilized in materials science, for both unveiling the past and predicting the future. We start off with two archaeometallurgy articles that take us on trips to earlier times. One presents the study of bolts and nails from a railroad track in Argentina built in the late 19th century. The author’s micrographs tell the story of how the parts were manufactured to withstand dynamic loads for more than a century of use. Another article offers case studies of fractures in museum artifacts containing gold and silver. Fractographic analysis was employed to determine the best restoration method for each precious item. Enter artificial intelligence (AI). Now art and science, powered by AI, opens up whole new possibilities. In April, Sandvik Coromant unveiled a sculpture their engineers created using AI and advanced digital manufacturing techniques by fusing together works from five iconic sculptors over the past 500 years, including Michelangelo. Carved out of stainless steel, the “Impossible Statue” crosses time and space and was brought together by today’s extraordinary technologies. The modern artwork, highlighting old masters through new AI tools, is on display at Sweden’s National Museum of Science and Technology. For more on the astounding uses of AI in image creation and analysis, see the Machine Learning page in this issue. We’ve previously published articles on the use of computer vision and machine learning to provide detailed data on micrographs. But the tools continue to get more sophisticated. As one example, complete image analysis now can be delivered by the software AtomAI from images gathered from electron and scanning probe microscopy. The technology frees up a metallographer to spend time studying the derived datasets and coming to deeper conclusions. As a modeling tool, AI can also be predictive in imagining how a micrograph would change given a different dataset. Surprisingly, images now can be created simply from text prompts, like giving ChatGPT a command. These newer diffusion models of AI use their accumulated knowledge of the subject matter to create an image from scratch. That’s going a step beyond an AI tool that simply finds an existing image and adds new details to it. AI will continue to develop, and it will be used. A recent study by Deloitte indicated that in 2023 more than half of all organizations plan to integrate AI technologies and automation into their processes. It will be important for us to learn along the way about the new capabilities for imaging as well as other applications, while being on alert for bad actors. AI poses risks but there are also massive advantages. Tapping into those advantages, just imagine how metallographers will image and analyze our 2023 artifacts in the future. I hope it’s magical. joanne.miller@asminternational.org Sandvik’s AI-generated, stainless steel statue.
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