A D V A N C E D M A T E R I A L S & P R O C E S S E S | A P R I L 2 0 2 1 2 2 TABLE 2 — ROOM TEMPERATURE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF NEAR NET EXTRUDED PRODUCTS Product type YS, ksi UTS, ksi EL, % RA, % AMS 4935 120.0 130.0 10.0 20.0 T-profile 130.0 146.0 19.0 38.0 NNS-3 132.0 147.0 16.0 31.0 TABLE 3 — BUY-TO-FLY RATIOS FOR TWO GEOMETRIC PROFILES Product type T-Profile NNS-3 Plate 13.47 8.66 Standard extrusion 4.26 - Plymouth extrusion 1.64 1.32 Finished parts 1.00 1.00 Although most finished product for NNS-3 is currently beingmachined from plate, the near net extrusionmethod developed by PES can provide significant savings over the current manufacturing method. Figure 9 shows the weight/ft for each product type, clearly exhibiting the advantages of using near net extrusion technology to create these shapes. SUMMARY Economic advantages of reducing the buy-to-fly ratio include reduction in tooling costs and material usage, lower parts count resulting from the ability to extrude complex shapes over length in a single operation, and less downstream machining and finishing[9]. PES has successfully developed techniques to reduce the buy-to-fly ratio by manufacturing near net shape extrusions on a production scale. Microstructure, room temperature mechanical properties, and extrusion-critical characteristics such as transverse flatness and straightness are in accordance with AMS 4935 and AMS 2245, respectively, for the near net shape extrusions. Considering the merits of titanium alloys, the authors believe that the aerospace industry could significantly benefit from these technological advancements in the production of near net shape extrusions by using this novel concept in applications beyond the long structural members of an aircraft. ~AM&P Fig. 9 — Comparison of weight/ft to produce the finished part for both profiles from various product forms. For more information: Phani P. Gudipati, director of innovation and engineering, Plymouth Engineered Shapes, 201 Commerce Ct., Hopkinsville, KY, 42240, 270.839.2064, pgudipati@ plymouth.com. References 1. R.R. Boyer, E.R. Barta, and J.W. Henderson, Journal of Materials, p 36-39, March 1989. 2. G.E. Dieter, Classification of Extrusion Processes, Mechanical Metallurgy. 3. G. Legate, Titanium 2013, Las Vegas, 2013. 4. R. Wanhill and S. Barter, Springer Briefs in Applied Sciences and Tech- nology. 5. Titanium Alloy Extrusions and Flash Welded Rings Ti-6Al-4V Annealed Beta Processed, AMS 4935 Rev. L, issued 1959-06, Revised 2017-09. 6. Tolerances, Titanium and Titanium Alloy Extruded Bars, Rods and Shapes, AMS 2245 Rev. B, issued Dec. 1973, Revised June 2003. 7. Standard Test Method for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials, ASTM E8/ E8M – 16a. 8. Standard Test Method for Determining Average Grain Size, ASTM E112 – 13. 9. D. Sanders, et al., ITA, Atlanta, 2012.
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