Nov_Dec_AMP_Digital

A D V A N C E D M A T E R I A L S & P R O C E S S E S | N O V E M B E R / D E C E M B E R 2 0 2 0 2 6 TABLE 1 — MONEL ALLOYS, NOT INCLUDING WIRE PRODUCTS Original Name Modern Name Found* Producer Composition and Changes Notes Monel Monel Alloy 400 aka M-35 Monel 1905 Special Metals Ni 66%, Cu 31.5%, Fe 1.35%, Mn 0.9%, Si 0.15%, C 0.12%, S 0.005% All types of applications where rust-less and corrosion-proof material is necessary with excellent mechanical properties. Cast Monel Monel Alloy 410 1910s Produced in market Ni 66%, Cu 30.5%, Si 1.6%, Fe 1%, Mn 0.8%, C 0.2%, S 0.008% Silicon added to improve ductility. Later noted that cannot go above 1.5% and sulfur preferred. “K” Monel Monel Alloy K-500 1923 Special Metals C 0.18%, Ti 0.5%, and Al 2.8% Age-hardened overnight at a lower 1000°F, doubling hardness to 275 Brinell. Non-magnetic. “R” Monel Monel Alloy R-405 1931 Special Metals C 0.18%, S 0.05% Free-machining grade with higher sulfur content acting as chip breakers. “G” Monel 1935 Discontinued Unknown A wrought alloy used as in-between regular Monel and “K” Monel in doctor blades and beater bars. “H” Monel Monel Alloy 506 1935 Discontinued Fe 1.5%, Si 3.2%, Cu 30% Cast alloy harder and stronger than Monel with as-cast strength of 110 ksi. Loss of ductility as a result. “S” Monel Monel Alloy 505 1935 Produced in market Similar to “H,” Fe 2%, Si 4%, Cu 29% Cast alloy harder than “H” for non-galling with as-cast strength of 130 ksi. Can be age-hardened up to 350 Brinell. “KR” Monel Monel Alloy 501 1940 Discontinued Similar to “K” Monel but C 0.23% Age-hardened like “K” but machinability similar to “R” due to precipitated graphite. Non-magnetic . “326” Monel Monel Alloy 402 1949 Discontinued Ni 58%, Mn 0.9%, Fe 1.2%, Cu 39.8% For cable shielding, pickling and lower susceptibility to hydrogen embrittlement when galvanically coupled to steel. NA Monel Alloy 403 1950s Discontinued Similar to 402, Mn 1.8%, Fe 0.5% Composition changes to remain non-magnetic at the freezing point of seawater for minesweepers. Used also for electronics. “RH” Monel Monel Alloy 507 1950s Discontinued C 0.55%, Fe 1.5%, Si 2.7%, Cu 30.5% Cast alloy with similar properties to “H” but adapted for machining. “LC” Monel Monel Alloy 406 1950s Discontinued Ni 84%, Cu just 13% “Low Copper” for water piping and tanks, used for corrosion resistance to mineral waters “E” Monel Monel Alloy 411 1950s Discontinued Similar to Cast Ni 62%, Cu 32.5%, Fe 1.5% but Nb 1.3% Niobium used to stiffen without an age- hardening treatment. Used in food-handling equipment, tanks, and boilers. NA Monel Alloy 401 1950s Produced in market Ni 44.5%, Mn 1.7%, Fe 0.2%, Cu 53%, Co 0.5% Low temperature coefficient of electrical resistivity, used for wire-wound resistors. NA Monel Alloy 404 1950s Produced in market Ni 55%, 0.01% Mn, 0.05% Fe, 44% Cu, 0.02% Al Low magnetism and excellent brazing characteristics, suitable for wet hydrogen in electronics. NA Monel Alloy 474 1965 Discontinued Similar to 404 but higher purity and free from non-metallic inclusions. Non-magnetic. NA Monel Alloy 450 1980s Produced in market 70-30 cupro-nickel resisting corrosion and aiding against bio-fouling. Used in seawater applications. * Likely dates, not definitive