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FEATURE A D V A N C E D M A T E R I A L S & P R O C E S S E S | F E B R U A R Y / M A R C H 2 0 2 0 4 2 CONCLUSIONS It was found that stacking the shafts with the flange to- ward the top resulted in the reduction of run out distortion, which, in some regions, can be reduced 40% compared to the shafts treated with the flange toward the bottom. Run out distortion in the shafts made from the steel exhibiting higher hardenability is relevant only in those parts quenched in oil that have the flange toward the bottomof the racks. The higher hardenability of steel B results in an in- crease of 6 to 10% in the case hardending depth recorded in the flank gear. The same effect is also seen in the core hardness recorded in the shaft. Quenching using nitrogen does not produce compressive residual stresses, whereas oil quenching results in high compressive stresses in both steels. ~HTPro Acknowledgment The authors thank ECM Technologies for allowing use of their facilities to perform vacuum heat treatment with oil and nitrogen as quenchant media. 10 For more information: Rafael Colás, FASM, Professor Uni- versidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Pedro de Alba s/n, 66455 San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico. rafael.colas@ uanel.edu.mx , colas.rafael@gmail.com; Marco Antonio Del- gado, Sistemas Automotrices de México S.A de C.V., mar- co-delgado@sisamex.com.mx; Vincent Esteve, ECMUSA Inc., v.esteve@ecmtech.fr. References 1. J. St. Pierre, Vacuum Carburizing of Steels, ASM Hand- book , Volume 4: Heat Treating , ASM International, Materials Park, p 348-351, 1991. 2. B. Liščić and S. Singer, Calculation of the Heat Transfer Coefficient based on Experiments by the Liscic Probes, Thermal Engineering of Steel Alloy Systems, Elsevier Sci- ence, 2014. 3. B. Edenhofer, An Overview of Advances in Atmosphere and Vacuum Heat Treatment. Heat Treat. Met., Vol 26 No 1, p 1-5, 1999.