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A D V A N C E D M A T E R I A L S & P R O C E S S E S | O C T O B E R 2 0 1 9 2 6 tion on the state of the art in this field between industry, research institutions, standardization bodies, and certifica- tion bodies. Analogies with existing standards and regulations have been identified, which has led to cooperation between important standardization bodies in this field. BAM, as a neutral platform together with its research partners, will continue to develop the scientific basis for creating suitable standards in additive manufacturing and will serve as a link between stan- dardization, research, and application. PROCESS DEVELOPMENT In addition to its focus on safety with additive manufacturing, two main areas of research in the development of additive manufacturing processes that BAM is currently concentrating on are AM in space and producing dense ce- ramic parts using AM. Additive manufacturing in space has an enormous advantage for long missions with limited weight capacities and storage space, enabling manufac- turing components, spare parts, and tools, with the necessity of only trans- porting feedstock material. BAM is in- vestigating laser powder-based addi- tive manufacturing processes for their suitability for use in a weightless en- vironment. Because gravity is a deci- sive prerequisite for the application of a thin layer of flowable powder, the challenge is to apply the powder layer independently of gravity. It has been demonstrated that a gas flow through the powder can supplant the need for gravity, whereby the powder particles are effectively sucked into place [5] . The layered application of the powder was demonstrated over the course of three “zero-G” experiments during parabol- ic flight, and subsequently metallic powders were applied as layers under weightlessness for the first time and fused locally into a component. Dense ceramic parts via AM . BAM is conducting research to develop, de- sign, and test an AM machine to pro- duce dense ceramic parts. Layer-wise slurry deposition (LSD) uses the slur- ry casting technique developed for ce- ramic processing to produce densely packed powder layers and powder beds for the AM of ceramics, allowing compo- nents to bemade of both silicate ceram- ics and high-performance ceramics [6, 7] (Fig. 4). The technology rollout was funded as part of the EXIST research transfer initiative of the Federal Minis- try of Economics and Energy. ~AM&P For more information: A. Evans is a scientific staff member, Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und–prüfung (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Ber- lin, Germany, alexander.evans@bam. de, www.bam.de . References 1. R. Laquai, et al., X-ray Refraction Distinguishes Unprocessed Powder from Empty Pores in Selective Laser Melting Ti-6Al-4V, Matls. Res. Letters , Vol 6(2), p 130-135, 2018. 2. K. Mishurova, et al., New Aspects about the Search for the Most Rele- vant Parameters Optimizing SLM Ma- terials, Additive Manufacturing , Vol 25, p 325-334, 2019. 3. T. Thiede, et al., Residual Stress in Selective Laser Melted Inconel 718: Influence of the Removal from Base Plate and Deposition Hatch Length, Matls., Perform. & Character. , Vol 7(4), p 717-735, 2018. 4. U. Zerbst and K. Hilgenberg, Damage Development and Damage Tolerance of Structures Manufactured by Selective Laser Melting - a Review, 3rd Intl. Symp. on Fatigue Design and Material Defects (FDMD 2017) , Vol 7, p 141-148, 2017. 5. A. Zocca, et al., Powder-Bed Sta- bilization for Powder-Based Additive Manufacturing, Adv. in Mechan. Engrg. , Vol 2014, p 491581-1 - 491581-6, 2014. 6. A. Zocca, et al., Additive Manu- facturing of Ceramics: Issues, Poten- tialities, and Opportunities, J. Amer. Ceram. Soc. , Vol 98(7), p 1983-2001, 2015. 7. A. Zocca, P. Lima, and Jens Günster, LSD-Based 3D Printing of Alumina Cer-amics, J. Ceram. Sci. and Technol. , Vol 8(1), p 141-147, 2017.