April AMP_Digital

6 A D V A N C E D M A T E R I A L S & P R O C E S S E S | A P R I L 2 0 1 9 MORE INSIGHT ON BATTLESHIP STEEL I just got around to reading the Nov/Dec issue of AM&P. I saw the “Feed- back” letter requesting help with infor- mation on the alloy steel used in bat- tleships and I have a few tidbits to offer. Before 1870, ship hulls and armor were made of wrought iron or wrought iron/ steel laminates. In 1865, the Chrome Steel Co., Brooklyn, N.Y., produced chro- mium steel ( AM&P, July 2014, p 34) and nickel steel was discovered in 1889 in France at the Schneider Cie. Almost immediately, all naval steel producers in unison began offer- ing nickel and later chrome-nickel hull and armor steel. The following compa- nies produced naval steel: • • Harvey United Steel Co. • • Bethlehem Iron Co. • • Carnegie Steel Co. • • Vickers Armstrong Whitworth (British) • • Krupp (German) • • Schneider (French) • • U.S. Steel • • Midvale Hull steel was used as rolled with nickel-chromium additions and propri- etary heat treatments and processing. Armor steel used similar alloy composi- tions with the exception that the surfac- es of the plate were pack or gas carbu- rized to depths up to about five inches, then spray quenched with additional proprietary processing. The rivet steel looks normal for the time that Arizona was built (1916). Rivet steel appears to be soft plain car- bon steel deoxidized with manganese and produced by the Bessemer or ba- sic open hearth (BOH) process. It wasn’t great steel...look what happened to the Titanic! I hope this helps. By the way, I’m just finishing a model of USS Arizona, circa 1938. I volunteer at the Yankee Air Museum in the restoration department where we are restoring a 1957 F-100 Su- per Saber. Someone brought in a box of ship models to use as we pleased. The Arizonawas in that box, in “non-service- able condition,” i.e., bad shape, dirty, parts missing. I decided to restore it and it is progressing (model pictured here). Dennis T. Vukovich ERRATA In the January issue, Table 2 was shown with incorrect column headings in the article, “Automated Micrograph Analysis Enables Pioneering R&D” by John Sosa, Pavel Sul, and Lawrence Small. The correct table is included be- low and also online in the revised digital edition available at asminternational. org in the magazines area. We regret any confusion this may have caused. In the February/March issue, an additional author was included at the end of the byline area due to a design error in the article, “Using Automated J-R Curve Analysis Software to Simpli- fy Testing and Save Time.” The correct author listing includes: Alberto Esteban Linares, Logan Clowers, Xiang Chen, Mikhail Sokolov, and Randy Nanstad. The article has been corrected and the revised digital edition is available at asminternational.org . We apologize for any confusion. FEEDBACK We welcome all comments and suggestions. Send letters to frances.richards@asminternational.org. USS Arizona. Model of the USS Arizona, circa 1938.