May/June_AMP_Digital

FEATURE A D V A N C E D M A T E R I A L S & P R O C E S S E S | M A Y / J U N E 2 0 1 8 4 2 flow is accelerated when passing through the narrow gaps between cylinder heads. For water quenching, part orienta- tion has little effect on the overall cooling rate or maximum temperature gradient beyond a time shift in the maximum gradient. Results also show that the temperature gradient in water quenching is significantly larger than in air quench- ing, but it lasts a much shorter time. The study also reveals a weak spot between the intake port and water jacket. Be- cause the spot appears in all quenching cases, it should be remedied by a design modification rather than changing the manufacturing process alone. ~HTPro Note: AVL FIRE is a trademark of AVL LIST GmbH, Austria. For more information: James Jan, Manufacturing CFD An- alyst, Virtual Manufacturing, Ford Motor Co., 36200 Plym- outh Rd., Livonia, MI 48150, 734.458.0422, yjan@ford.com, www.ford.com . Selected References 1. M. Koc, J. Culp, and T. Altan, Prediction of Residual Stresses in Quenched Aluminum Blocks and Their Reduc- tion through Cold Working Processes, J. Matls. Proc. Tech- nol., 174.1, p 342-354, 2006. 2. D.M. Wang, et al., Numerical Modelling of Quench Cool- ing Using Eulerian Two-Fluid Method, Proc. Intl. Mechan. Engrg. Congr. & Expo, IMECE 2002, ASME-33499 Heat Trans- fer, Vol 3, p 179-185, 2003. 3. V. Srinivasan, et al., Numerical Simulation of Immer- sion Quench Cooling Process: Part I, Proc. Intl. Mechan. Engrg. Congr. & Expo, IMECE 2008, Paper No. 69280, 2008. 4. V. Srinivasan, et al., Numerical Simulation of Immer- sion Quench Cooling Process: Part II, Proc. Intl. Mechan. Engrg. Congr. & Expo, IMECE 2008, Paper No. 69281, 2008. 5. R. Kopun, et al., Numerical Simulation of Immersion Quenching Process for Cast Aluminium Part at Different Pool Temperatures, Appl. Therm. Engrg., 65, p 74-84, 2014. 6. J. Jan, et al., Development and Validation of CFDMeth- odology to Simulate Water Quenching Process, Proc. ASME 2014 Intl. Mfg. Sci. & Engrg. Conf., 2014. Fig. 9 — High-temperature gradient locations for rear face up (RE) and cam cover face up (CC) orientations, 20 seconds into quenching. Fig. 10 — Cooling curves andmaximum temperature gradients for select air and water quenching configurations. 10