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4 A D V A N C E D M A T E R I A L S & P R O C E S S E S | F E B R U A R Y / M A R C H 2 0 1 8 ASM International 9639 Kinsman Road, Materials Park, OH 44073 Tel: 440.338.5151 • Fax: 440.338.4634 Frances Richards, Editor-in-Chief frances.richards@asminternational.org Joanne Miller, Editor joanne.miller@asminternational.org Ed Kubel, Larry Berardinis, and Erika Steinberg, Contributing Editors Jim Pallotta, Creative Director jim.pallotta@asminternational.org Jan Nejedlik, Layout and Design Kelly Sukol, Production Manager kelly.suko l@asminternational.org Press Release Editor magazines@asminternational.org EDITORIAL COMMITTEE Adam Farrow, Chair, Los Alamos National Lab John Shingledecker, Vice Chair, EPRI Somuri Prasad, Past Chair, Sandia National Lab Ellen Cerreta, Board Liaison, Los Alamos National Lab Tomasz Chojnacki, Caterpillar Inc. Mario Epler, Carpenter Technology Corp. Surojit Gupta, University of North Dakota Nia Harrison, Ford Motor Company Yaakov Idell, NIST Hideyuki Kanematsu, Suzuka National College of Technology Scott Olig, U.S. Naval Research Lab Anand Somasekharan, Los Alamos National Lab Kumar Sridharan, University of Wisconsin Jaimie Tiley, U.S. Air Force Research Lab ASMBOARDOF TRUSTEES Frederick E. Schmidt , Jr., President and Chair of the Board David U. Furrer, Vice President William E. Frazier, Immediate Past President Craig D. Clauser, Treasurer Prem K. Aurora Ellen K. Cerreta Ryan M. Deacon Larry D. Hanke Roger A. Jones Thomas M. Moore Sudipta Seal Judith A. Todd John D. Wolodko William T. Mahoney, Secretary and Chief Executive Officer STUDENT BOARDMEMBERS Mari-Therese Burton, Olga Eliseeva, Jonathan Healy Individual readers of Advanced Materials & Processes may, without charge, make single copies of pages therefrom for per- sonal or archival use, or may freely make such copies in such numbers as are deemed useful for educational or research purposes and are not for sale or resale. Permission is granted to cite or quote fromarticles herein, provided customary acknowledgment of the authors and source is made. The acceptance and publication of manuscripts in Advanced Materials & Processes does not imply that the reviewers, editors, or publisher accept, approve, or endorse the data, opinions, and conclusions of the authors. W elcome to our annual aerospace issue! We hope you’re as excited as we are about the three big birds featured on our covers. Our main cover presents an unmanned aerial vehicle testing out a folding wing design based on shape memory alloy actuation technology. Next up, the cover of our iTSSe thermal spray newsletter features an F-18 Super Hornet jet fighter, which includes gear shafts specially coated with WC-Co. Finally, Boeing’s beautiful 787 Dreamliner floats peacefully on our HTPro heat treating newsletter as a testament to the role that properly hardened components play in keeping today’s aerospace fleet up and flying. Behind the sheer power and beauty of these aircraft are the technologies backing them—and that’s where ASM comes in. We’re especially proud that three of our affiliate societies are prominently featured in this issue in support of the aerospace industry. Our cover story about shape memory alloys highlights NASA scientist Othmane Benafan, who also happens to be vice president of ASM’s International Organization on Shape Memory and Superelastic Technolo- gies (SMST). Benafan is co-principal investigator of the Spanwise Adaptive Wing project, a joint effort between NASA’s Armstrong, Glenn, and Langley research centers, Boeing Research & Technology, and Area-I Inc. Our thermal spray newsletter— iTSSe —showcases the importance of surface engineering technologies and their use in aerospace. Fortunately, aerospace re- mains a bright spot for the thermal spray industry. As our ASM Thermal Spray Society president Doug Puerta notes in his insightful article, the multiyear trend of aerospace expansion continues: By the end of 2017, Boeing’s backorders had reached 5864 commercial airplanes, and Airbus entered 2018 with a backlog of more than 7000 aircraft on order. These numbers represent nearly seven years of production, which also means new engines, blades, vanes, stators, rings, and a host of other components that can benefit from thermal spray coatings. Although the news isn’t quite as rosy for the industrial gas turbine market, the booming aerospace field and growing areas such as cold spray are helping the thermal spray industry thrive. Heat treating also continues to play a critical role in aerospace. For some perspectives on induction heating and copper evaporation issues, turn to the feature articles in HTPro —our quarterly insert from the Heat Treating Society. We’re honored to include a forward-looking guest editorial from the esteemed George Krauss, FASM, encouraging more research to drive the heat treating in- dustry into the future. These vastly different approaches to aerospace from our members work- ing in the fields of shape memory technology, thermal spray, and heat treating remind us that it takes a village to raise an airplane—or at least to make it as ef- ficient as possible. A recent Los Angeles Times article reports that United Airlines switched to lighter paper for its inflight magazine, shaving about an ounce from each one. This tiny adjustment saves roughly 11 pounds per flight, adding up to 170,000 gallons of fuel each year at an annual cost of $290,000. Saving weight is a prime directive for those involved in aerospace design, so it’s encouraging to see that this is being implemented by different groups in the overall supply chain. To learn more about the latest in aerospace and thermal spray technolo- gies, be sure to attend our co-located conferences coming up this May in Orlan- do—AeroMat 2018 and the International Thermal Spray Conference. Check out the show previews in this issue and we hope to see you there! frances.richards@asminternational.org THREE BIG BIRDS CELEBRATE AEROSPACE